Al-Ma'idah 5:107

<h2>Testimony of Two Just Witnesses for the Final Will and Testament</h2><p>This honorable Ayah contains a glorious ruling from Allah. Allah's statement,</p><p>يِـأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ شَهَـدَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ حِينَ الْوَصِيَّةِ اثْنَانِ</p><p>(O you who believe! When death approaches any of you, and you make a bequest, then take the testimony of two...) meaning that there should be two witnesses in such cases,</p><p>ذَوَا عَدْلٍ</p><p>(just men...) thus, describing them as just,</p><p>مِّنكُمْ</p><p>(of your own folk) Muslims.</p><p>أَوْ ءَاخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ</p><p>(or two others from outside) non-Muslims, meaning the People of the Book, according to Ibn `Abbas as Ibn Abi Hatim recorded. Allah said next,</p><p>إِنْ أَنتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِى الاٌّرْضِ</p><p>(if you are traveling through the land) on a journey,</p><p>فَأَصَابَتْكُم مُّصِيبَةُ الْمَوْتِ</p><p>(and the calamity of death befalls you.) These are two conditions that permit using non-Muslims from among the Dhimmis for witnesses when there are no Muslims present: When one is traveling and needs to write a will, as Sharih Al-Qadi said. Ibn Jarir recorded that Sharih said, "The witness of the Jews and Christians is not allowed except while traveling, and even then only to witness the dictation of the will." Allah's statement,</p><p>تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِن بَعْدِ الصَّلوةِ</p><p>(Detain them both after the Salah (the prayer),) refers to the `Asr …

But then, if it is afterwards ascertained that both of them merit (the suspicion of) sin, let two others take their place of those nearly concerned, and let them swear by Allah, (saying): Verily our testimony is truer than their testimony and we have not transgressed (the bounds of duty), for them indeed we should be of the evil-doers.

But if it gets known that these two were guilty of the sin (of perjury), let two others stand forth in their places,- nearest in kin from among those who claim a lawful right: let them swear by Allah: "We affirm that our witness is truer than that of those two, and that we have not trespassed (beyond the truth): if we did, behold! the wrong be upon us!"

If then it gets known that these two had been guilty of sin, let two others stand forth in their places, nearest in kin from among those who claim a lawful right. Let them swear by Allah (saying): "We affirm that our testimony is truer than that of both of them, and that we have not trespassed (the truth), for then indeed we should be of the wrong-doers."

If it is discovered that they are guilty of perjury: let two others take their place, two from among those responsible for the claim, and have them swear by God, “Our testimony is more truthful than their testimony, and we will not be biased, for then we would be wrongdoers.”